Hardware Topics
Peripheral device (input/output)
|
Input
|
Mouse, keyboard, joystick, image scanner, webcam, graphics tablet, microphone
|
Output
|
Monitor, printer, loudspeaker
|
|
Both
|
Floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, optical disc drive, teleprinter
|
|
Computer buses
|
Short
range
|
RS-232, SCSI, PCI, USB
|
Long
range (computer networking)
|
Ethernet, ATM, FDDI
|
Software Topics
Software refers
to elements of the pc that don't have a material kind, like programs, data,
protocols, etc. once software system is hold on in hardware that can't simply
be changed, it's typically referred to as “firmware.”
Operating system
|
Unix and BSD
|
UNIX System V, IBM AIX, HP-UX, Solaris (SunOS), IRIX, List of BSD operating systems
|
GNU/Linux
|
List of Linux
distributions, Comparison of Linux distributions
|
|
Microsoft Windows
|
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8
|
|
DOS
|
86-DOS (QDOS), IBM PC DOS, MS-DOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS
|
|
Mac OS
|
Mac OS classic, Mac OS X
|
|
Embedded and real-time
|
List of embedded
operating systems
|
|
Experimental
|
Amoeba, Oberon/Bluebottle, Plan 9 from Bell Labs
|
|
Library
|
Multimedia
|
DirectX, OpenGL, OpenAL
|
Programming
library
|
C standard library, Standard Template
Library
|
|
Data
|
Protocol
|
TCP/IP, Kermit, FTP, HTTP, SMTP
|
File format
|
HTML, XML, JPEG, MPEG, PNG
|
|
User interface
|
Graphical user
interface(WIMP)
|
Microsoft Windows, GNOME, KDE, QNX Photon, CDE, GEM, Aqua
|
Text-based user
interface
|
Command-line
interface, Text user interface
|
|
Application
|
Office suite
|
Word processing, Desktop publishing, Presentation program, Database
management system, Scheduling
& Time management, Spreadsheet, Accounting software
|
Internet
Access
|
Browser, E-mail client, Web server, Mail transfer agent, Instant messaging
|
|
Design
and manufacturing
|
Computer-aided design, Computer-aided manufacturing, Plant management, Robotic
manufacturing, Supply chain management
|
|
Graphics
|
Raster graphics
editor, Vector graphics
editor, 3D modeler, Animation editor, 3D computer graphics, Video editing, Image processing
|
|
Audio
|
Digital audio editor, Audio playback, Mixing, Audio synthesis, Computer music
|
|
Software engineering
|
Compiler, Assembler, Interpreter, Debugger, Text editor, Integrated development environment, Software performance analysis, Revision control, Software configuration management
|
|
Educational
|
Edutainment, Educational game, Serious game, Flight simulator
|
|
Games
|
Strategy, Arcade, Puzzle, Simulation, First-person shooter, Platform, Massively multiplayer, Interactive fiction
|
|
Misc
|
Artificial
intelligence, Antivirus software, Malware scanner, Installer/Package management
systems, File manager
|
Languages Topics
There are thousands of various programming
languages—some meant to be general purpose, others helpful just for extremely specialized
applications.
Programming languages
|
|
Lists
of programming languages
|
Timeline of programming languages, List of programming languages by category, Generational list of programming languages, List of programming languages, Non-English-based programming languages
|
Commonly
used assembly languages
|
ARM, MIPS, x86
|
Commonly
used high-level programming languages
|
Ada, BASIC, C, C++, C#, COBOL, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Pascal, Object Pascal
|
Commonly
used scripting languages
|
Bourne script, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, PHP, Perl
|
Professions and organizations Topics
As the use of
computers has unfolded throughout society, there is associate increasing range
of careers involving computers.
Computer-related professions
|
|
Hardware-related
|
Electrical
engineering, Electronic
engineering, Computer engineering, Telecommunications engineering, Optical engineering, Nanoengineering
|
Software-related
|
Computer science, Computer engineering, Desktop publishing, Human–computer
interaction, Information
technology, Information systems, science,
Software, Video game industry, Web design
|
The need for
computers to figure well along and to be ready to exchange data has spawned the
requirement for several standards organizations, clubs and societies of each a
proper and informal nature.
Organizations
|
|
Standards
groups
|
ANSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, W3C
|
Professional
societies
|
ACM, AIS, IET, IFIP, BCS
|
Free/open source software groups
|
Free Software
Foundation, Mozilla Foundation, Apache Software
Foundation
|
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